Still not buying the whole “unlanded raids can’t be balanced” reasoning for Vikings

There’s almost limitless ways to balance this.

1. One example is to have them not be able to raid inside the realm your camped at. And if you raid someone, they can raid your camp for hostages (if they beat your army and if your army is disbanded then they get free access to your camp). Which means you would need to get out of there before they send an army after you or stand and fight. I mean the risk being that you could be imprisoned and “Ragnar Lothbroked into a snake pit” if you don’t have a strong army is a pretty reasonable balance imo. Unlanded is already pretty OP and this would seem to be a more riskier way of playing.

2. Other ways of balancing is putting caps on loot or replacing loot with supplies and the occasional hostage.

3. Overwhelming raiders like Rollo could be given land and forced into landed gameplay, or paid to stop raiding like the French often did and you lose access to raiding parties temporarily